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The terms typhoon and hurricane are regional names for the same weather phenomenon: the tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones are powerful circular storms that develop over warm tropical oceans and are defined by low atmospheric pressure, strong winds, and heavy rainfall. These storms derive their energy from the ocean’s surface, maintaining their intensity as long as they remain over warm water. Tropical cyclones produce winds that exceed 119 km (74 miles) per hour, with the most severe ones generating sustained winds of more than 240 km (150 miles) per hour and gusts exceeding 320 km (200 miles) per hour.
The designation super typhoon is applied when a typhoon’s sustained surface-wind speed reaches 240 km (150 miles) per hour, equivalent to a strong category 4 or category 5 hurricane. Some meteorological agencies, such as the Hong Kong Observatory (which defines super typhoons as storms with sustained wind speeds of 185 km [about 115 miles] per hour) and the Japan Meteorological Agency (which categorizes violent typhoons as storms with sustained wind speeds of 194 km [about 120 miles] per hour), use slightly lower thresholds for classification.
